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Blueberry shock virus
''Blueberry shock virus'' (BlShV) is an ''Ilarvirus'' belonging to the ''Bromoviridae'' family.〔Schilder (2014), p. 1.〕 The ''Bromoviridae'' family contains single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses.〔 Virus particles are icosahedral and 30 nm in diameter.〔Gottula ''et al.'' (2012), p. 2.〕 Blueberry shock virus causes shock of blueberries in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.〔 It gets its name because plants are shocked by the initial infection, meaning the flowers and foliage blight and wilt in the early spring, right when the plant is in full bloom.〔 BIShV was first discovered in a blueberry field containing highbush blueberry (''Vaccinium corymbosum'' L.) in Washington in 1991.〔 It continued to spread to Oregon, Washington and British Columbia since that time.〔 In 2009, the disease was found in a western Michigan field, and may be preset in Pennsylvania as of 2011.〔 Since its discovery, eradication is in progress to eliminate the disease and reduce loss of yield from it.
==Transmission==
Blueberry shock virus is pollen-borne and likely infects during pollination.〔 Bees and other insects that come into contact with the infected pollen can transmit the virus as well.〔 The virus can spread quickly once established in the field.〔WSU (2014), sec. 2, 3, & 4.〕 Once infected, the plant suffers from flower and leaf blight and dieback.〔 Symptoms begin to appear just prior to bloom and can continue to develop during bloom.〔 Eventually, after one to two years the shoots grow back and the infected plant may regain fruit production again.〔 When the plants fully recover, they once again produce a full crop.〔 However, their pollen will continue to be a source of inoculum and spread the virus to other blueberry plants, making it difficult to control.〔 Management of the disease involves preventing introduction of the virus to non-infected plants. Suckers and plant material should be tested for the virus before introduction into a nursery or field. If plants do become infected with the disease either the few plants infected can be removed and burned or the whole field may need to be. Herbicides are also sprayed to ensure that the root is killed, leaving no infected suckers in the ground. Research has shown that yields are not significantly affected in recovered bushes.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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